Dual instruction is flight training received with an instructor on board, logged as 'dual received' by the student and as instruction given by the instructor. Dual hours are a core licensing requirement and must reconcile exactly between student and instructor records.
Dual instruction is flight training received with an instructor aboard — logged by the student as dual received and by the instructor as instruction given, with the instructor typically also logging PIC. Dual hours are a defined component of every licence's requirements, and each dual lesson in approved training maps to a syllabus exercise with objectives, a grade and the instructor's signature.
The dual record is triply consequential: it is the student's licence evidence, the instructor's activity record, and the school's billable event — and all three must reconcile to the same flight, the same times, the same content.
Why it matters for flight schools
When student logbooks, instructor logs and invoices are maintained separately, they drift — and the drift surfaces as billing disputes, application discrepancies and audit findings. The fix is structural: one flight record at source, feeding all three ledgers, removes the reconciliation problem instead of managing it.
How FlightLogger handles it
FlightLogger creates the dual lesson once — times, syllabus exercise, grade, signature — and feeds student logbook, instructor record and invoice from that single source, so the three never diverge.
Frequently asked questions
Does dual time count as PIC for the student?
No — the student logs dual received; the instructor is PIC. Supervised-command categories like EASA's PICUS exist for defined training contexts later in the pipeline, under their own rules.
Does simulator instruction count as dual time?
FSTD instruction is logged as simulator training and credits against course requirements per the device's qualification and the course approval — parallel to, not identical with, aircraft dual time.